Nanobody Technology and Its Application in Food Safety Detection

Antibodies composed of heavy chains naturally produced by camels are called heavy chain antibodies. Among them, single variable domains are called heavy chain antibody variable regions（VHH）, and also called Nanobodies（Nb）. From the perspectives of biology, immunogenetics, evolution to potential applications in various fields of medicine, Nanobodies have unparalleled advantages over conventional antibodies. They can recognize structures and hidden epitopes that conventional antibodies cannot. In addition, it has the advantages of high stability（high temperature resistance, acid and alkali resistance） and easy expression. These excellent characteristics can make the analysis or diagnosis that conventional antibodies cannot achieve. Therefore, Nanobody has become an ideal antibody for detecting illegal additives, pesticide residues and agricultural product pollution in food. This article mainly discusses the latest development of Nanobody library technology and its application in food safety detection and the current challenges, to provide references for better application of Nanobody in the detection of bacteria, mycotoxins, pesticide residues and agricultural product pollution in food.