Effects of Farmland Shelterbelt on Microclimate and Maize Yield in Ningxia Plain

【Objective】The farmland shelterbelt plays an important role in improving ecological environment， regulating the microclimate，and raising the level of agricultural productivity. By exploring the microclimate effect of farmland shelterbelt in Ningxia Plain and the impact on crop yield，the article provided reference and guidance for the scientific planning of farmland shelterbelt in Ningxia Plain.【Method】The Populus alba var. pyramidalis Bge. farmland shelterbelt was selected，and the wind speed，air temperature，air humidity，soil water content and maize yield at different distance from the farmland shelterbelt were measured，and effects of farmland shelterbelt on microclimate was analyzed.【Result】 With the increase of the distance from the shelterbelt，the wind speed. appeared to rise first，then decrease，and rise again.The wind speed at 1 H was the highest，the wind speed at 5 H was the lowest，and the overall wind speed was 38% lower than that of the control point.The air temperature at 0.5 H was the lowest，the air temperature at 5 H was the highest，and the air temperature at 3-10 H changed slowly. The air humidity showed a trend of first decreasing，then increasing，and decreasing again.The air humidity at 0.5 H and 5 H were higher，and the air humidity increased by 5.1% compared with that of the control point. The soil water content in the forest net was first increased and then decreased. The soil water content at 0.5 H and 1 H was the lowest，and the soil water content at 5 H was the highest. The average maize height at 0.5 H decreased by 102 cm compared with that of the control point，the yield decreased by 26.3% compared with that of the control point，and the overall yield increased by 8.8%.【Conclusion】The effects of farmland shelterbelt on microclimate factors varied with the different distance. As a whole，it had the effect of reducing wind speed and decreasing air temperature， increasing air humidity and soil water content，and increasing maize yield. It was proposed to increase the rate of farmland shelterbelt network to improve the farmland microclimate and increase crop yields.