Effects of insect-resistant transgenic rices on enemies in paddy fields: a review

The breeding and use of Insect-Resistant Transgenic Rices（ IRTRs） provide a useful and economic approach for the integrated pest management（IPM） of rice insect pests. However，people have pay great attention to the safety of IRTRs. Here，we view the effects of IRTRs on enemies summarizing the research progress in this fields through three parts: spiders，enemy insects and Anura. Researches indicated that IRTRs had no obvious adverse ecological effects on the biological characteristics，but affected the expression of some genes of the predatory enemies. IRTRs had a great influence on the individual number and other parameters of parasitic enemies. The reason may be due to changes in the target pest population and nutrition，rather than the direct impact of Bt toxin protein，this study should be focused on in the future.