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    化肥减量配施增效剂对土壤理化性质及菜心产量、品质的影响

    Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Synergist on Soil Physicochemical Properties, Yield and Quality of Chinese Flowering Cabbage

      摘要
    • 摘要:
      目的 探讨化肥减量配施增效剂对广东省惠州地区蔬菜地土壤理化性质及菜心产量、品质的影响，为蔬菜地化肥减量提供理论依据和技术支持。
      方法 以华南地区代表性的蔬菜作物菜心为研究对象，采用田间小区试验，设置当地施肥（T1，CK）、当地施肥+增效剂（T2）、减肥20%（T3）、减肥20%+增效剂（T4）4个处理，比较不同处理下土壤的理化性质、微生物量、酸性磷酸酶活性以及菜心产量、品质等指标。
      结果 与T1（CK）相比，T3处理菜地土壤毛管持水量、田间持水量、非毛管孔隙度和总孔隙度分别提高13.3%、43.1%、29.4%和9.2%，T4处理菜地土壤非毛管孔隙度和总孔隙度分别提高42.1%和13.0%；与T1（CK）相比，T3处理菜地土壤pH值提高15.9%，其他土壤肥力指标均无显著变化，T4处理菜地土壤pH值提高13.4%、碱解氮和速效钾含量分别显著提高33.3%和15.8%；与T1（CK）相比，T3处理菜地土壤微生物量碳、氮和酸性磷酸酶活性分别提高35.6%、43.1%和15.5%，T4处理土壤微生物量碳、氮、磷和酸性磷酸酶活性分别提高78.1%、111.2%、49.1%和24.3%；与T1（CK）相比，T3处理菜心氮、磷、钾养分吸收量分别提高22.1%、11.3%、17.9%，T4处理菜心氮、磷、钾养分吸收量分别显著提高33.0%、28.5%和30.0%；与T1（CK）相比，T3处理菜心产量提高19.4%、硝酸盐含量下降13.6%、Vc含量提高2.2%，T4处理菜心产量显著增加28.1%、硝酸盐含量下降12.1%、Vc含量提高4.2%。
      结论 化肥减量配施增效剂可以提升土壤肥力、提高土壤的微生物量和酸性磷酸酶活性、提高菜心的产量和改善品质。

       

      Abstract:
      Objective This study was conducted to investigate the effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with synergist on soil physicochemical properties, yield and quality of Chinese flowering cabbage in Huizhou, Guangdong Province, so as to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for chemical fertilizer reduction in vegetable fields.
      Method Taking the representative vegetable crop Chinese flowering cabbage in South China as the research object, four treatments of local fertilization level (T1, CK), local fertilization level+ synergist application (T2), 20% fertilizer reduction (T3) and 20% fertilizer reduction + synergist application (T4) were set up by field plot experiment. Soil physicochemical properties, microbial biomass, acid phosphatase activity, and crop yield and quality were measured and compared between treatments.
      Result The results showed that compared to T1 (CK), the soil capillary capacity, field capacity, non-capillary porosity, and total porosity in T3 treatment were increased by 13.3%, 43.1%, 29.4%, and 9.2%, respectively, and the soil non-capillary porosity and total porosity of T4 treatment were increased by 42.1% and 13.0%, respectively. Compared to T1 (CK), the soil pH value in T3 treatment was increased by 15.9%, whereas the other soil fertility indexes were not changed significantly. Under T4 treatment, soil pH value was increased by 13.4%, soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium contents were significantly increased by 33.3% and 15.8%, respectively. Compared to T1 (CK), the soil microbial biomass C (SMBC) and N (SMBN) contents and acid phosphatase activity in T3 treatment were increased by 35.6%, 43.1%, and 15.5%, respectively, whereas the SMBC, SMBN, and soil microbial biomass P (SMBP) contents and acid phosphatase activity in T4 treatment were increased by 78.1%, 111.2%, 49.1%, and 24.3%, respectively. Compared to T1 (CK), the N, P, and K absorption amounts of cabbage in T3 treatment were increased by 22.1%, 11.3%, and 17.9%, respectively, whereas those in T4 treatment were significantly increased by 33.0%, 28.5%, and 30.0%, respectively. Compared to T1 (CK), cabbage yield was increased by 19.4%, nitrate content was decreased by 13.6%, and Vc content was increased by 2.2% in T3 treatment. Cabbage yield was significantly increased by 28.1%, nitrate content was decreased by 12.1%, and Vc content was increased by 4.2% in T4 treatment.
      Conclusion Chemical fertilizer reduction combined with synergist application can increase soil fertility, microbial biomass and acid phosphatase activity, improve cabbage yield and quality.

       

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