硝态氮和铵态氮对玉米幼苗中吡虫啉积累和分配的影响

何琴; 张兴兴; 赖鉴添; 邵丹青; 周宇明; 申建梅; 卢颖林; 安玉兴

doi:10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2022.01.002

硝态氮和铵态氮对玉米幼苗中吡虫啉积累和分配的影响

Effects of Nitrate and Ammonium Nitrogen on the Accumulation and Distribution of Imidacloprid in Maize Seedlings

摘要

摘要:
目的研究不同供氮条件下玉米中吡虫啉的含量和分配规律，为提高吡虫啉的利用率以及氮肥和吡虫啉的合理施用提供理论依据。
方法采用水培法培养玉米，通过HPLC测定不同供氮条件(4、10 mmol/L NO₃^-，4、10 mmol/L NH₄⁺)下玉米幼苗中吡虫啉的含量。
结果叶片是玉米幼苗中吡虫啉积累的主要部位，其次为根和茎，施氮处理均表现出相似的积累规律。在3个浓度吡虫啉处理下，以NO₃^- 为氮源培养的玉米，其根、茎、叶中吡虫啉的含量明显高于NH₄⁺ 培养的玉米，以2.5 mg/L吡虫啉浓度处理为例，4 mmol/L NO₃^- 处理根中吡虫啉含量为4 mmol/L NH₄⁺ 处理的3.09倍、10 mmol/L NO₃^- 处理为10 mmol/L NH₄⁺ 处理的5.15倍，茎中分别为1.90、3.04倍，叶中分别为1.70、3.22倍。在吡虫啉添加浓度为5.0 mg/L时TF_叶/茎最高，4、10 mmol/L NO₃^- 和4、10 mmol/L NH₄⁺ 处理的TF_叶/茎分别为7.54、5.07、4.19、4.13，表明在此添加浓度下吡虫啉更易从茎部转运到叶部。与硝态氮处理相比，铵态氮处理玉米幼苗中吡虫啉的TF_叶/茎明显较低，且差异达到显著水平，表明在吡虫啉添加浓度为5.0 mg/L时硝态氮更有利于吡虫啉向叶片中转运。
结论吡虫啉在玉米幼苗中的积累量与添加量相关，培养液中吡虫啉添加浓度越高，其积累量越高。玉米幼苗中吡虫啉积累量受氮素形态的影响，NO₃^- 为氮源积累更多的吡虫啉。

Abstract:
Objective The study is carried out to explore the accumulation and distribution law of imidacloprid in maize under different nitrogen supply conditions, which will provide a theory foundation for improving imidacloprid utilization rate and rational application of nitrogen fertilizer and imidacloprid.
Method The seedlings of maize was exposed to imidacloprid in hydroponic solution with different nitrogen treatments (4 mmol/L NO₃^-, 10 mmol/L NO₃^-, 4 mmol/L NH₄⁺, 10 mmol/L NH₄⁺). The content of imidacloprid in maize was determined by HPLC.
Result Leaf was the main part for imidacloprid accumulation in maize, followed by root and stem, and all nitrogen treatments showed similar accumulation law. The imidacloprid accumulation was closely related with nitrogen forms in maize under different imidacloprid concentrations. Under the treatments of 3 imidacloprid concentrations, the content of imidacloprid in the roots, stems and leaves of maize cultured with NO₃^- as the nitrogen source was significantly higher than that of maize cultured with NH₄⁺. For example, when the imidacloprid concentration was 2.5 mg/L, the contents of imidacloprid in roots of NO₃^- treatment were 3.09 and 5.15 times those of NH₄⁺ treatment, respectively, 1.90 and 3.04 times those in stems, and 1.70 and 3.22 times those in leaves, respectively. When the imidacloprid concentration was 5.0 mg/L, the TF_leaf/stem of imidacloprid in maize seedlings was the highest, and that of NO₃^- and NH₄⁺ treatments was 7.54, 5.07, 4.19 and 4.13 respectively, indicating that NO₃^- was more beneficial to imidacloprid transportation from stems to leaves. Compared with NO₃^- treatments, the TF_leaf/stem of imidacloprid in maize seedlings of NH₄⁺ treatments was significantly lower, indicating that NO₃^- was more beneficial to imidacloprid transportation to leaves under 5.0 mg/L imidacloprid treatment.
Conclusion The accumulation of imidacloprid in maize seedlings was correlated with addition dose of imidacloprid, the higher the concentration of imidacloprid in culture solution, and higher imidacloprid accumulation in maize. The accumulation of imidacloprid in maize seedlings was influenced by the nitrogen form, and NO₃^- is more beneficial to the accumulation of imidacloprid in maize.

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