Abstract: Cucumber, which belongs to the Cucumis genus in the Cucurbitaceae family, is one kind of thermophilic and heat-intolerant vegetable crops, widely cultivated around the world. Cucumber of Guangdong is an important vegetable exported to the north of China, with an annual planting area of more than 40 000 hm². The article summarizes the course and research progress of cucumber variety breeding in Guangdong Province and related applied basic research, including the collection and innovative utilization of variety resources, new variety breeding and related technology research. It elaborates cucumber breeding in the universities and scientific research institutes of Guangdong, including the research progress of cucumber female line breeding and heterosis utilization research, cucumber disease resistance breeding and related research, cucumber heat resistance breeding and stress resistance related research and other related basic technology research. At the same time, it points out the main problems existing in cucumber breeding of Guangdong Province, and suggests that the cucumber breeding organizations of Guangdong Province should strengthen resource collection and evaluation, pay attention to the excavation and utilization of characteristic resources and selection of diversified varieties to meet market demand.