广东地区藏猪繁殖、屠宰和肉质性状调查分析

    Investigation on Reproduction, Slaughter and Meat Traits of Tibetan Pigs in Guangdong Province

    • 摘要: 【目的】了解从高海拔地区引进的藏猪,在广东温暖潮湿平原地区饲养后的繁殖、屠宰和肉质性状,为藏猪在广东地区的资源开发利用和选育工作提供依据。【方法】于 2018—2019 年间对广东地区 3 个藏猪饲养点的藏猪进行调查。【结果】藏猪母猪窝均产仔数为 8.38(±1.96)头,仔猪断奶成活率为 92.53(±9.79)%;仔猪平均初生重为 0.75(±0.16)kg,平均断奶重为 5.38(±1.18)kg;藏猪公猪胴体重为 25.17(±6.14)kg,总瘦肉率为 50.46(±4.54)%,皮率为 11.90(±2.70)%,骨率为 10.30(±1.77)%,脂肪率为 25.51(±6.34)%,板油率为 7.41(±1.51)%,平均背膘厚为 2.80(±0.87)cm;藏猪母猪胴体重为 22.35(±5.42)kg,总瘦肉率为 51.92(±5.73)%,皮率为 12.57(±4.85)%,骨率为 10.28(±2.00)%,脂肪率为 22.97(±9.04)%,板油率为 6.19(±1.89)%,平均背膘厚为2.11(±0.59)cm;藏猪宰后 1 h 肌肉 pH 值为 6.25±0.08,宰后 24 h肌肉 pH 值为 5.25±0.08,剪切力为 41.92(±1.02)N,24 h 滴水损失为 1.74(±0.12)%,肌肉大理石纹评分为 2.93(±0.17)分,肌内脂肪含量为 3.35(±0.53)%。【结论】广东地区藏猪的繁殖性能及产肉性能较高海拔藏猪有所提升,说明藏猪适宜在广东地区养殖,但藏猪产肉性能、肉质性状较常规瘦肉型猪差距明显,仍有较大的改良提升空间。

       

      Abstract: 【Objective】This study was conducted to understand the reproduction, slaughter, and meat traits of Tibetan pigs which were introduced from high altitude areas and raised in warm and humid plain areas of Guangdong province. These results provide a basis for the exploitation and utilization of resources and breeding of Tibetan pigs in Guangdong province. 【Method】Investigation on Tibetan pigs in three Tibetan pig breeding sites in Guangdong province were conducted during 2018 to 2019.【Result】The litter size of Tibetan sows was 8.38(±1.96)heads, and weaning survival rate of piglets was 92.53(±9.79)%; the birth weight of piglet was 0.75(±0.16)kg, and the average weaning weight was 5.38(±1.18)kg. The carcass weight of Tibetan boars was 25.17(±6.14)kg, total lean meat rate was 50.46(±4.54)%, skin rate was 11.90 (±2.70)%, bone rate was 10.30(±1.77)%, fat rate was 25.51(±6.34)%, leaf fat rate was 7.41(±1.51)% and average back fat thickness was 2.80(±0.87)cm. The carcass weight of Tibetan sows was 22.35(±5.42)kg, total lean meat rate was 51.92(±5.73)%, skin rate was 12.57(±4.85)%, bone rate was 10.28(±2.00)%, fat rate was 22.97(±9.04)%, leaf fat rate was 6.19(±1.89)%, and average back fat thickness was 2.11(±0.59)cm. After slaughter, pH1h of Tibetan pigs was 6.25±0.08, pH24h was 5.25±0.08, shear force was 41.92(±1.02)N, drip loss at 24 h was 1.74(±0.12)%, muscle marbling score was 2.93(±0.17)points, and intramuscular fat content was 3.35(±0.53)%. 【Conclusion】The reproductive performance and meat production performance of Tibetan pigs in Guangdong area were improved compared with those of Tibetan pigs in high attitude area, indicating that Tibetan pigs were suitable for breeding in Guangdong. However, the meat production performance and meat quality of Tibetan pigs in Guangdong were significantly lower than those of conventional lean pigs, indicating that there was still much room for improvement in breeding.

       

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