Abstract: 【Objective】 The study was to understand the input-output and cost-benefit of rice production and farmers’ willingness to grow rice in Guangdong Province. 【Methods】 The microscopic farm household data was obtained through field survey and farmers’ production situation and production willingness were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis.. 【Results】At present, rice production in Guangdong Province is facing severe aging and farmers’ engagement in non-agricultural sectors. The average farmland scale is small and fragmented. Under the premise of considering labor and land costs, farmers’ rice production is generally facing losses as labor accounts for the largest part of rice production costs and more labor force is needed in the transplanting and post-harvest process. The purpose of farmers’ rice production is mainly to meet the needs of the family and they have limited understanding of national grain support policies. With the increase of age, the farmers tend to withdraw from the rice production obviously. 【Conclusion】 Due to the low efficiency and profit of rice production in Guangdong, farmers have poor initiative in rice production. Land transfer and promotion of high-quality varieties are important measures to form large-scale, specialized and high-quality rice growers for the improvement of quality and efficiency of rice production in Guangdong.