Abstract: Agricultural trade occupies an important position in the economic development of a country. China is the third largest agricultural trade country in the world. In the economic cooperation between China and Cambodia， trade in agricultural products always occupies an important position. Therefore，it is very necessary to conduct an in-depth analysis of the trade level of agricultural products between China and Cambodia. It has the following implications for the implementation of the“One Belt and One Road”strategy and the promotion of bilateral agricultural trade in China and Cambodia. This paper analyzed the bilateral trade between China and Cambodia from 2006 to 2015 on the basis of UN Comtrade database data，and the competitiveness and complementarity of the main agricultural products trade between China and Cambodia was estimated. Combined with China's own characteristics of agricultural trade，explored the factors promoting the growth of bilateral agricultural trade between China and Cambodia. The study finds that China’s trade index with Cambodia is very high，but Cambodia's trade with China is relatively loosely integrated，and China’s trade ties with Cambodia are closer. In terms of competitiveness，China's agricultural products show a comparatively slightly higher comparative advantage index than Cambodia's，China's agricultural products in the international market share is higher than Cambodia. In terms of complementarity，the similarities between China and Cambodia in exporting agricultural products are low，and the agricultural products exported by the two countries have greater complementarity. China-Cambodia trade in agricultural products has more room for development. This study points out the direction for the development of China-Cambodia trade under the“One Belt and One Road”strategy .