不同种植模式对水稻生长的影响及适宜直播品种的筛选

    Effects of Different Planting Patterns on Rice Growth and Selection of Rice Varieties Suitable for Direct Seeding

    • 摘要:
      目的 育苗移栽和直播是当前广东应用最广的水稻种植方式。探究育苗移栽和直播两种不同种植方式对水稻产量的影响,筛选适宜广东及华南地区淹水直播的水稻品种,为广东及华南地区直播稻品种选择和育种应用提供理论依据。
      方法 以广东育成的25份水稻品种为材料,进行模拟大田淹水成苗试验,并在早、晚两季的育苗移栽和直播两种不同种植模式下,测定各品种的生育期、株高、抗倒伏性、产量等性状,筛选适宜直播的水稻品种。
      结果 粤新银占2号、粤农丝苗、粤泰油占等12个品种的耐淹成苗率达到80%;通过分析育苗移栽和直播两种种植模式,发现早、晚季直播稻的生育期比育苗移栽平均缩短7~15 d;田间抗倒伏表型鉴定表明,有11份水稻品种的抗倒性强;产量分析表明,早、晚季直播产量比育苗移栽表现为增产,平均增幅分别为0.99% 和1.25%。
      结论 综合参试品种的耐淹性、抗倒性和丰产性筛选出粤农丝苗、粤美占、五山丝苗、粤特油占等4个品种适宜华南稻区的直播栽培模式。

       

      Abstract:
      Objective Rice seedling transplanting and direct seeding are the most widely used planting methods in Guangdong currently. Exploring the effects of seedling transplanting and direct seeding on rice yield and screening the rice varieties suitable for flooding direct seeding in Guangdong and South China can provide theoretical basis for variety selection and breeding application of direct seeding rice in Guangdong and South China.
      Method Twenty-five rice varieties from Guangdong Province were used as materials to simulate submergence tolerance tests, the growth period, plant height, lodging resistance and yield were measured under two different cultivation modes of seedling transplanting and direct seeding in early and late seasons, and the rice varieties suitable for direct seeding were screened.
      Result The seedling rate of 12 rice varieties, such as Yuexinyinzhan 2, Yuenongsimiao and Yuetaiyouzhan with submergence tolerance reached more than 80%.It was found that the growth period of direct seeding rice was 7-15 d shorter than that of seedling transplanting by analyzing the two cultivation modes of seedling transplanting and direct seeding in early and late seasons. As it showed in the field lodgingresistance phenotype identification, 11 rice varieties had stronger lodging resistance. Yield analysis showed that the yields of direct seeding in early and late seasons were higher than those of seedling transplanting, with an average increase of 0.99 % and 1.25 %, respectively.
      Conclusion Based on the submergence tolerance, lodging resistance and high yield of the tested varieties, 4 varieties including Yuenongsimiao, Yumeizhan, Wushansimiao and Yuteyouzhan were selected to be suitable for direct seeding cultivation pattern in South China.

       

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