台风 “威马逊” 对雷州半岛植胶区橡胶树的影响

    Influence of typhoon Rammasun on Hevea brasiliensis in Leizhou Peninsula

    • 摘要: 台风“威马逊”于 2014 年 7 月 18 日在徐闻沿海登陆, 平均风力 14~17 级, 对雷州半岛橡胶树造成严重灾害。 调查发现: 雷州半岛橡胶开割树受灾率 100%、 风害级别 4.16 级、 断倒率 76.12%、 风害指数69.39; 橡胶中小苗受灾率 100%、 平均风害级别 3.09 级、 断倒率 34.14%、 风害指数 51.50。 通过对不同树龄和品种风害情况分析表明: 开割树中树龄小(30 年以下)的风害重于树龄大(30 年以上)的, 未开割树树龄大的风害重于树龄小的, 开割树灾害重于未开割树; 红星 1 品种开割树表现出极强的抗风性能, 为开展抗风选育种研究提供材料; 未开割树热垦 525 品种受灾最重、 93-114 受灾最轻。

       

      Abstract: Typhoon Rammasun landed along the coast of Xuwen County, in July 18, 2014 at local time, whose sustained winds reached on 14-17 degree, made a severe damage on the rubber plantation in Leizhou Peninsula. The survey showed that 100% of tapping rubber trees were hit in Leizhou Peninsula, the damage degree by typhoon was 4.16, the percentage of broken and fallen trees was 76.12, the wind damage point was 69.39, and were 100%, 4.16, 76.12, 51.50 on young or middle trees, respectively. Analysis damage on different age and cultivar rubber trees by typhoon Rammasun indicated that, on tapping trees, the younger suffered more serious damage rather than the older, whereas on untapped trees, the older suffered less damage than the younger, in all, tapping trees were destroyed more serious than untapped, but tapping trees of the cultivar of Hongxing 1 showed extremely strong ability to withstand typhoon, among the untapped cultivars, the most serious damage clone was Reken 525, and the least was 93-114.

       

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