南方双季稻区水田机械化保护性耕作试验
Experimental study on paddy field mechanized conservation tillage in double-cropping areas in southern China
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摘要: 江西土壤特性和高度集约利用给机械化保护性耕作带来了更大的复杂性和难度。 采用履带自走式旋耕机、 轮式拖拉机带旋耕机和手扶拖拉机带旋耕机 3 种方式对水田进行耕作试验， 结果表明， 履带自走式旋耕机与轮拖和手扶相比较， 效率高， 行走灵活、 不易陷泥， 比轮拖省时 30~75 min/hm 2 ， 比手拖省时 10~12.5 h/hm 2 ； 耕后地表平整， 泥脚变化程度低， 适宜机插； 早稻较轮拖增产 1.0%， 较手扶增产 2.3%， 晚稻较轮拖增产 0.5%~1.0%， 较手扶增产 0.5%~2.3%。 选用履带旋耕机耕作， 可以减轻机械对水田的破坏作用； 增加水稻产量， 达到保护性耕作的目的。Abstract: In Jiangxi， the soil characteristics and highly intensive utilization caused a lot of complexity and difficulty for mechanized conservation tillage. Paddy field cultivation experiment was carried out by three cultivators， including crawler self-propelled rotary cultivator， rotary tiller fitted on roller tractor and rotary tiller fitted on walking tractor. The results showed that compared to roller tractor and walking tractor， the crawler self-propelled rotary cultivator was more efficient， more flexible and easier to walk in mud， it saved 30-75 min/hm 2 compared to roller tractor， saved 10-12.5 h/hm 2 compared to walking tractor. After the crawler self-propelled rotary cultivator tillage， the field surface was flat， the mud feet change degree was low， the field was suitable for mechanical planting; for early rice， the yield was 1.0% higher than roller tractor， and 2.3% higher than walking tractor; for late rice， the yield was 0.5%-1.0% higher than roller tractor， and 0.5%-2.3% higher than walking tractor. Therefore， the crawler self-propelled rotary cultivator tillage could reduce the mechanical damage of paddy field， increase rice yield and achieve the goal of conservation tillage.
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