Abstract: According to the statistic of agriculture industry and the farmer’income in China from 1978 to 2012， the coordination between agricultural industrial internal structure and peasants’ income structure was analyzed using indexes including coefficient of variation，structure deviation，per capital income rate，farmers’ income elasticity. The results showed that the internal structure of agricultural industry and the structure of farmers’ income structure in our country were constantly adjusted，but the coordination between internal structure of agricultural industry and structure of farmers’ income was poor. There was no interaction mechanism between the internal structure of agricultural industry and the structure of farmers’ income，which not only limited the optimization and adjustment of internal structure of agricultural industry，but also limited the adjustment of income structure of farmers.