Abstract: The purpose of the study was to contrast the operating efficiencies of cotton production，processing， textile industry in China cotton main regions by using DEA model. The results showed that the cotton production input efficiency of Xinjiang cotton region achieved weak DEA efficient，input and output efficiencies of cotton processing and textile industry in Yangtze River valley achieved strong efficient. At last，Some countermeasures were put forward， like reducing the cost of cotton production，cotton farmers to respond to market risk，broadening cotton processing forms，increasing the transfer of textile processing industries to the central and western cotton gradient，opening the international cotton market.