Abstract: In order to clarify the genetic diversity and the relationship between Hainan peanut germplasm resources and other regions，and use effectively peanut resources in Hainan，45 peanut germplasm resources were evaluated by using 18 pairs of SSR primers，polymorphic bands each primer were 1.7，the average polymorphism information content was 0.459. Population genetic diversity analysis showed that the genetic diversity of Shandong and Wenchang population was the highest，followed by Henan，Danzhou population was the lowest. Genetic variation of peanut among populations （72.46%）was the main component of total genetic diversity of 16 populations，the gene flow among populations （Nm = 0.1900）was less. Cluster analysis results of germplasm resources and populations were basically the same， there was no clear relationship between genetic relationships and geographic locations.