Abstract: Hepatopancreas Necrosis Syndrome（HPNS），also called Early Mortality Syndrome（EMS），was first reported in shrimp farms in Hainan Island of China since 2010，and then it appeared in other countries，like Vietnam， Malaysia，Thailand，Mexico，India. Recently，this disease has caused mass production loss in whole world. Many researchers put forward different academic points about this disease，including Vibrio infection，harmful cyanobacteria influence，poisoned by environmental toxin，shrimp stocking biomass overload，viruses and parasitic infections，seed quality deterioration. Based on the disease status，this paper reviewed the latest research progress，and systematically summarized the epidemic situation，pathogen and etiology，detection technique and control measures of the disease， to provide references for further investigating the pathogen and pathogenesis of the disease，and establishing technical solutions of prevention and control.