Abstract: Economic structure optimization is the key to rural economic growth. Organizational forms can organize dispersive farmers to play main role in the adjustment of economic structure. By using SOM neural network model，this paper analyzed the differences of rural economic structure and organizational forms in Hebei province. The results show that the rural economic income mainly comes from industry and agriculture. In economic structure，Hebei province can be divided into Langfang areas，central and southern areas，northern areas，eastern areas. Catering industry，transport industry and construction industry have important impacts on rural economy in Hebei northern and eastern areas. The organization mainly includes family management mode，other management mode and township enterprises management mode. In organizational forms，Hebei province can be divided into three areas. In Langfang rural areas，industrialization has been basically achieved and the main organization form is family management mode.