Abstract: Supercritical CO2 method was used to optimize the extraction conditions of oleoresin from Capsicum chinense in Hainan Province, and gaschromatography -mass spectrometry method was used to determine the compoments of the oleoresin. The results demonstrated that the optimum extraction conditions to get more capsicum oleoresin were confirmed as follows: pressure of 23 MPa, temperature of 47℃, flow rate of 35 L/h for 90 min. While the optimum extraction conditions to get higher extraction rate were confirmed as follows: pressure of 23 MPa, temperature of 50℃, flow rate of 45 L/h for 90 min. 27 kinds of compounds were identified by GC-MS in capsicum oleoresin, and the major compounds were capsaicin (31.64%), linoleic acid (6.64%), palmitic acid (4.84%), trans cinnamic aldehyde (4.765%), heptacosane (1.675%), aromatic ginger flavonoids (1.375%), trans squalene (1.325%), beta sitosterol (1.115%), linoleic acid glycerol ester (1.075%).