Abstract: Taking the international environment and domestic food market as the background, using correlation analysis and stepwise regression method, the influence factors of China's grain import risk from international and domestic market were studied. The results showed that the international grain price爷s fluctuation and domestic food price volatility had significant effects on food import in our country, and the effect of international food supply on food import of our country was not very significant, besides the domestic food supply was the main factor affecting grain import in China, but the effects of RMB exchange rate fluctuations and gross domestic product (GDP) was not significant. On this basis, some measures were proposed to avoid risk, as well as to provide a reference for the security of China's food.