Abstract: It is significant and urgent for the urban development and environmental protection by reduction and reutilization of municipal solid waste due to increasing of the volume of municipal solid waste disposal. The present status of municipal solid waste disposal and research advances on anaerobic digestion technology were reviewed, meanwhile, the effect of key parameters on performance of anaerobic digestion was analyzed in detailed. In addition, the recycling and reutilization technology of the solid biogas residue was also introduced. In view of the characteristics of municipal solid waste in China, it was proposed that anaerobic digestion technology would be an important resource technology for municipal solid waste disposal in future.