Abstract: The allocation of innovation resources of agricultural science and technology can provide important support for the development of agricultural modernization. In the foundation of evaluation index system, by using the comprehensive development level model and the model of coordinated development degree, this paper calculated the coordinated development level of space-time distribution since 2002 on the innovation of science and technology resource allocation in China and the modernization of agriculture. The results showed that, from the time distribution, in 2002—2011, the coordinated development degree had obvious fluctuations, and from disturbance state gradually transited to the transition state and the coordinated development status. From the space distribution, the coordinated development degrees of different provinces were in the recession, distributed and coordinate development state, and there was an obvious regional difference, showing a decline trend in the eastern, central and western region in 2011.