Abstract: Under the background of urbanization construction, it has significance to research whether farmer who participates in non-agricultural activities has negative impact on arable land or not. This thesis compared cost-efficiency of peasant households which were in different state of division of labor land use in different areas, under the perspective of division of labor. The results showed that 78.69% of farmers involved in the non-agricultural industry, which contained 42.19% complete division; in the three situations of labor division, cost-efficiency of land use had different level of lose;through advisable guidance for farmers towards non agriculture, the specialized farmer households would play a positive role in the improvement of cultivated land use efficiency and household economic conditions.