Abstract: The security of traceability system for animal products was selected as the research object. The research on the access authentication technology of RFID-based traceability system of animal products was carried out. An efficient secure RFID authentication scheme used in traceability system of animal products was proposed. The results showed that the Tag and back-end database were properly configured with different workloads. This scheme only needed two pairing computations for any group size in the back end database and no computation in Tag in order to enhance the network efficiency, aiming to ensure the real-time traceability, which was great fit for the low-cost Tag. The results concluded that the proposed scheme ensured the Tag’s privacy, prevented the counterfeit of labels and protected the interests of brand name food products. Therefore, the proposed scheme was well suitable for security communication of the low -cost traceability system of animal products.