Abstract: In a laboratory incubation experiment, Eisenia foetida was used to treat cassava dregs, a kind of tropical agricultural solid waste, and the growth and reproduction of earthworms, the physicochemical properties of mixed waste before and after treatment were studied, to find the best ecological conditions of E. foetida in vermicomposting system. The results showed that the combination of laterite and cassava dregs was conducive for growth and reproduction of E. foetida, especially when the ratio of laterite and cassava dregs was 37, E. foetida had the best growth and reproduction performance. In addition, the growth and reproduction of E. foetida in all treatments had a clear relationship with environmental conditions. Under the conditions of 25, moisture content of 70%, pH values of 7.9 and density of inoculation of 10 ind/ 60g (dry weight), E. foetida had the best growth and reproductive rate. E. foetida had good effect on this kind of tropical agricultural waste, the contents of available nitrogen and available phosphorus significantly increased after treatment by E. foetida.