Abstract: We defined the growth and development characteristics and laws of cotton cultivar Xinluzao 53 through studying the organogenesis and bolls spatial distribution in cotton plant, to provide theoretical basis for the widespread promotion and forming a complete set of cultivation techniques. Two sites were set up and 10 strains of cotton plants were investigated during the whole growth period under the field condition. The relation of together growth between the bud in the first node and the leaf on the main stem was (n-2.6)-(n+2) in cultivar Xinluzao 53 (n was the leaf number on main stem), the relation of together growth between the flower in the first node and the leaf on the main stem was(n-8.9)-(n-5.7). More bolls grew in the middle and lower part of the cotton plants, and the proportion of bolls number in the upper, middle and lower part was 17.50%, 31.35% and 43.12%, respectively. The proportion of bolls was 78.86% in the first node and was 21.14% in the second node. The external bolls in the middle and lower part and internal bolls in the upper part contributed to super high yield.