Abstract: This paper studied soil samples from the region of Xiaoliang water conservation station, in Maoming, Guangdong, including naturally restored forest, broad leaf forest, eucalyptus pine mixed forest and bare land etc. 32 indices based on the physical, chemical, microbiological and enzyme properties of the soil were studied, from 9 different vegetation patterns at 45 observation points through soil tests, variance analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. The results showed that, when =20, there were two categories, sample field 1 and 2 classified as one category, and the others classified as one; when =10, there are three categories, sample field 4 was one category, sample field 1 and 2 classify as the other category, and all the others classified as the third category; when =5.1, there were five categories, sample field 4 was one category, sample field 1 and 2 separately classifies as one each, sample field 5, 6 and 7 classified as one, and 3, 8 and 9 classified as one. It was seen that the classifications of sample soil quality were perfectly clear, and the results of sample soil productivity were in good agreement with the real field situations. Through the variance analysis, it was shown that the physical characteristics of the 9 sample fields had significant differences. The enzyme properties showed relatively significant differences too; and the differences in chemical and microbiological characteristics are much less than those of physical characteristics. Through the analysis, it was shown that the soil quality in each sample field showed relatively uniform characteristics, which were quite poor. In conclusion, the ecological restoration of soil is a very slow process. In order to control the water and soil erosion, improving the soil quality, manual actions must be carried on in the ecological restoration process.