Abstract: To understand the current status of paddy soil fertility in Guangdong province, the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were surveyed in the research. Results showed that compared with the second soil census of Guangdong province, the organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen and available phosphorus of paddy soil increased, the proportion of grade 玉-芋soil were 86.34%, 94.15%, 91.02% and 86.34%, respectively. However, the available potassium content declined, the proportion of grade 玉- 芋soil was only 10.54%. Overall, the soil fertility indexes were rich except for soil available potassium. It was suggested that organic fertilizer, especially potassium fertilizer should be pay more attention to rice production in Guangdong province.