Abstract: Foxtail millet is an important and oldest cereals crop in China, has high drought resistance and high utilization of the water. With the completion of foxtail millet genome sequencing, the research on functional gene of foxtail millet will become a central issue. Foxtail millet belongs to C4 plants and its gemome has high colinearity with that of rice, both of them will increase people's enthusiasm for the study of foxtail millet. The first foxtail millet mutant library will provide useful help to the research on foxtail millet. The construction of mutant library has become the effective means through physical and chemical mutagenic technology. This paper described the purpose and meaning of the construction of foxtail millet mutant library. The mutation techniques used in the creation of foxtail millet mutants and varieties improvement were summarized, and the mutant library applying in foxtail millet functional genomics. Key