Abstract: In order to reduce the amount of fertilization in litchi orchard, grope the new technologies of saving labor and efficient cultivation, by comparison of the four years of mulching cultivation (no fertilizer) and the ordinary grass cultivation (conventional fertilization), this study observed and measured the annual change of surface moisture in Nuomici litchi orchards, compared the litchi tree vigor, production and the cost of the two treatments. The results showed that, in the period of May 2009 to December 2011, the change of surface moisture of film mulching treatment was slow, the amplitude was small, and the average moisture content of film mulching treatment was slightly lower than that of grass cultivation. In 2009, the fruit cracking rate of film mulching treatment was much lower than that of control, the yield was significantly higher than that of control, the tree vigor in winter was also better than that of the control. In 2010, the fruit cracking rate of film mulching treatment was fairly with the control, but the yield was still higher than that of the control, the tree vigor in the winter and spring were better than those of control. Although there was no significant difference of fruit cracking rate in 2011, but the production of film covering was still slightly higher than that of control. In 2011, the tree vigor of the two groups had few differences. But in the spring and summer of 2012, the tree vigor of film mulching treatment was better than that of control again.