Abstract: The experiment investigated the vegetative and reproductive growth trends and seed cotton yield of short. season cotton transplanted without root media after wheat harvest under different planting densities during 2008-2010. The results showed that dry stem weight per plant, dry leaf weight per plant, leaf area per plant and leaf area index had similar growth trends, accumulating the highest value between late August and early September, and the highest values of dry vegetative organ weight and leaf area per plant of low density (22 500~45 000 plants/hm2) were apparently higher than those under high density (11 250~13 500 plants/hm2), and leaf area index was positively correlated with density. Dry square weight and square number per plant accumulated to the highest values in middle August, and the highest values of 22 500~ 45 000 plants/hm2 were overtly greater than those of 90 000~11 250 plants/hm2. Boll number per plant was the most in early September. Total seed cotton yield and seed cotton yield before frost were highest under 90 000 plants/hm2 density in 2008-2010.