Abstract: Agricultural transformation cost has an important influence on the transformation effectieney of agricultural development pattern, relates to agricultural sustainable development directly. This paper introduced the transformation of agricultural development pattern under the double constraint of economic society and resources environment. The cost of agricultural transformation was also analyzed from some aspects including the macro-level agricultural transformation cost system, the measure method of the macro-level agricultural transformation cost, the transition cost assumed by farmers or enterprises, the relations between the enterprises transformation cost and farmers transformation cost, to explore the road of low cost and high efficiency transformation to realize the sustainable development of agriculture.