Abstract: Measures must be taken to prevent the excessive proliferation of duckweed for its disturbance to aquatic ecosystem. The paper put emphases on the traditional and newly rising treatment methods for prevention of mass development of duckweed. The physiological and ecological characteristics of duckweed were summarized and the mechanism of duckweed overgrowth was studied. Analysis of the impact of duckweed overgrowth on water quality and aquatic ecological environment was completed. We prospect the new technology and direction for the control of duckweed overgrowth in the end.