免耕与覆盖对贵单8号玉米氮磷钾养分吸收及产量的影响

    Effects of no-tillage and straw cover on NPK uptake, and field of Guidan 8 corn

    • 摘要: 在贵阳市花溪区黄壤旱地上进行田间试验,观测和分析了翻耕和免耕条件下秸秆低量,中量、高量覆盖,地膜覆盖对贵单8 号玉米氮磷钾养分吸收及产量的影响,以评价和筛选出最佳的免耕覆盖组合模式,结果表明与翻耕处理相比,免耕处理玉米单株氮,磷,钾平均吸收量分别增加了9.7%,11.8%和26.3%,2,不同耕作方式对根茎叶分配量的影响为免耕>翻耕,翻耕\免耕条件下;氮素在根茎叶中的分配量为秸秆中量处理>地膜处理>秸秆高量处理>秸秆低量处理>不覆盖处理与翻耕处理相比,免耕各处理玉米产量平均增加了5.1%~7.9%翻耕和免耕下,玉米单株氮,磷,钾素吸收量,玉米亩产量均以秸秆中量覆盖处理最高地膜覆盖处理次之,秸秆高量覆盖处理大于秸秆低量覆盖处理,不覆盖处理最低与传统的翻耕耕作方式相比免耕种植有利于贵单8 号玉米植株吸收氮磷钾营养元素免耕地膜覆盖和免耕秸秆中量覆盖两种模式的产量较高,在生产中值得推广。

       

      Abstract: Field experiment was conducted on yellow soil in Huaxi district of Guiyang. Observating and analyzing low straw medium strawhigh strawplastic cover of No-tillage and ploughing influenced on Guidan No.8 corn NPK uptake and output. To evaluate and select the best combination of no-till coverage model.The results showed:(1) No-tillage with maize plants absorbed the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus , potassium on average 9.73%, 11.77% and 26.25% higher than ploughing. (2) Nitrogen in the plant vegetative growth stage were mainly concentrated in the stems and leaves, mainly transfer and accumulate to grow organs between reproductive growth; phosphorus accumulation and distribution was not the same with nitrogen, in the redistribution, the accumulation of phosphorus in culm and sheath was transported to the clusters of approximately 30.2%~72.9%;However potassium was the same with phosphorus, but the proportion of redistribution of the leaves was relatively more, was 50.67%~74.65% .(3) No-tillage corn acre yield 5.1%~7.9% higher than ploughing. Whether ploughing or not, per corn strain NPK uptake and corn acre yield relationship was: covered with straw 9000kg/ hm2> covered with plastic film>covered with straw 12000kg/hm2>covered with straw 6 000 kg/hm2>no cover. Compared with the conventional tillage farming, no -tillage was good for Guidan No.8 corn NPK uptake; no -tillage plastic cover and medium straw cover two modes of production was higher, was worth promoting in the production.

       

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