Abstract: Combine sampling surveys in field and laboratory culture experiments, the influence of Prowl and Trifluralin on potato soil microbial diversity was investigated. After applying herbicides, the soil samples of the depth of 0~10 cm and 10~15 cm are collected and processed on day 20 th, day 40 th, day 60 th and day 80 th respectively. Determine the population of microorganisms in soil samples by the way of microbial plate culture method and the dilution plate counting method. The effect on the change of ecological diversity Prowl and Trifluralin on potato soil microbial diversity was preliminary discussed. The study found that two herbicides have little influence on the number of bacteria and fungi to the potato soil of the depth 0~10 cm and 10~15 cm. Although there is certain promotion and inhibition of proliferation to the bacteria and actinomycetes of the soils, within the 75 d both of them can returned to the level of control.