Abstract: In the recent years, the molecular marker techniques developed rapidly, and it was used in Litchi diversity. DNA mo1ecular markers have many advantages compared with the traditional methods, such as high-efficency and reliable, so they are efficient techniques in Litchi research. This paper summarizes the application and development of molecular markers, including RAPD, AFLP,SSR, ISSR, SRAP, EST-SSR in genetic diversity analysis, cultivar identification, molecular supplementary breeding and genetic map construction of Litchi. The current problems and prospects of the application are also discussed.