Abstract: Since reform and opening up, the economic and social status of Guizhou has achieved remarkable development, while problems of uneven development between urban and rural becane increasingly prominent. The phenomenon of income gap was analysed by using statistical data, and the reasons were investigated from perspective of capital, labor and technological progress. The results showed that income gap between urban and rural became prominent because that the income increased slowly for rural residents, which was caused by dual structure feather of physical capital, human capital, and income distribution. Then it gave some advice for keeping the income of rural residents increasing continually from developing agriculture with feather of resource-efficient and environment-friendly,nurturing agriculture industrial body, supporting interests to link mechanism between leading enterprises, professional cooperation organization and peasantry.