Abstract: Rocky land desertification has become a prominent ecological environment problem and its one of the main obstacles to realize comprehensive sustainable development in Southwest karst area. On the basis of reference the domestic relevant research in the field, according to the process of Karst rocky desertification influence of soil characteristics and soil microbes, and soil microbial community ecological characteristics response of rocky desertification, using soil microbial as ecological monitoring index, established a set of risk assessment evaluation indexes of karst rocky desertification; on the basis of interference-response preliminary framework.