Abstract: As the largest province in aquaculture in China, the shrimp and crab industry in Guangdong Province plays an important role in ensuring food security, increasing farmers' income, and promoting rural revitalization. Systematically analyzing its development status, core challenges and strategies holds great significance for promoting high-quality development. Based on official statistical data from the China Fishery Statistical Yearbook and field surveys in major production areas such as Zhanjiang and Yangjiang in 2014-2025, this study systematically reviews the development status and evolutionary trends of the industry from multiple dimensions including industrial scale, species structure, seed breeding, regional distribution, production mode, processing and circulation, and brand building. The results show that Guangdong's shrimp and crab industry has formed significant scale and regional advantages, with a total output of 1.4493 million tons in 2024, accounting for 14.71% of the national total, featuring a spatial pattern of freshwater aquaculture dominating in the Pearl River Delta and mariculture excelling in western Guangdong. However, the industry still faces severe challenges: heavy dependence on imported broodstock of Litopenaeus vannamei, dual constraints of environmental pressure and rising costs on traditional farming models, weak deep processing capacity, and limited regional brand premiums. Drawing on international and domestic experiences, this study proposes four major projects—seed industry revitalization, farming innovation, processing upgrading, and brand enhancement—supported by systematic policy guarantees, to provide decision-making references for breaking through bottlenecks and achieving high-quality development of the shrimp and crab industry in Guangdong Province.