Abstract: The No.1 Central document for 2026 emphasizes enhancing soybean production capacity, expanding the cultivation space for rapeseed, peanuts, Camellia oleifera, and other oil crops, and increasing the diversified supply of oilseeds. On this basis, how to further enhance the competitiveness of Guangdong's oilseed industry and achieve its high-quality development is of great significance for ensuring the supply of oil crops and the production of edible oil in China. This study analyzes the current situation of oil crop production, cost-benefit, mechanization and processing levels, and policy support in Guangdong Province. The results indicate that: (1) As a major producer of oil crops in China, Guangdong Province has maintained the third-largest peanut sown area in the country for years. Peanuts accounted for 50% of the increase in total sown area of oil crops in Guangdong Province, with western and northern regions contributing 70% of the province's total peanut production. (2) Oil crop production in Guangdong still requires substantial improvement, as peanut yields per mu and net profits remain relatively low, while production costs have risen excessively. Moreover, compared with Henan and Shandong Provinces, Guangdong exhibits a markedly lower level of comprehensive mechanization in oil crop cultivation. (3) Guangdong is a leading province in peanut and soybean breeding, and has been actively promoting "green, high-yield, and efficient" cropping systems. It ranks first nationwide in the number of edible oil processing enterprises and has been implementing multi-tier agricultural insurance schemes for oil crops. On this basis, the challenges faced by the oil industry in Guangdong Province were discussed as follows: Limited space promotion, slow selection and breeding of improved varieties, difficulty in promoting new varieties; The planting benefit is low, and the cost of labor and agricultural materials rises; Policy support system and farmers' awareness of policy need to be improved; Low degree of organization, insufficient extension of industrial chain; The construction of policy support system for oil crops needs to be improved. Accordingly, relevant policy suggestions were put forward for the development of oil industry in Guangdong Province: Strengthen the support of oil crop science and technology and equipment; Innovate the organizational forms and value chain extension of the oilseed industry; Enrich the financial and financial policy support system of the oil industry; Promote industrial spatial agglomeration and chain collaboration, and build modern oilseed industrial clusters.