Abstract: Based on macro-level statistical data from 2005 to 2024 and micro-level survey data from 2023, this paper employs comparative analysis and trend analysis to systematically examine rice cultivation scale, production capacity distribution, supply-demand balance, cost-benefit dynamics, variety application, and mechanization development in Guangdong Province. The findings reveal that since 2005, the rice cultivation area in Guangdong has shown a general downward trend, while total rice production has remained relatively stable, with per-unit yield steadily increasing and the proportion of high-quality rice varieties continuously rising. In terms of production capacity distribution, rice production across different regions of Guangdong is unevenly distributed: western Guangdong and the northern mountainous areas serve as the two main production zones, while the Pearl River Delta and eastern Guangdong have seen a sustained contraction in planting scale. In eastern Guangdong, the average farmland per household is limited, highlighting a prominent contradiction of "More people and less land". On the supply-demand front, although per capita rice consumption among urban and rural residents has continued to decline, the gap between rice production and demand has widened due to population growth and increased processing demand, resulting in a relatively low food self-sufficiency rate. In terms of cost and benefit, the total cost of rice production in Guangdong has been rising, while rice prices have remained low, leading to a persistent decline in profit margins, making the province the most loss-affected among the major rice-producing provinces in southern China. Regarding mechanization, the application of mechanical transplanting, drying, and unmanned aerial vehicle plant protection remain relatively weak. In summary, considering the overall development context of the rice industry in Guangdong, it is necessary to optimize regional distribution and variety structure, improve the promotion of high-quality high-yield varieties, promote appropriately scaled rice production, strengthen precise cost control, increase the rate of full-process mechanization, and improve the clustered development model of industrial parks. These efforts will comprehensively enhance the overall competitiveness of Guangdong's rice industry, reinforce food security, and support the construction of a strong agricultural province.