Abstract: In the cultivation and production of Amomum villosum Lour., the common fruiting barrier problem characterized by "abundant flowers but scarce fruits" is widely observed. In the absence of pollinating insects, its natural fruit setting rate is only 5%-8%, which severely restricts the large-scale development of A. villosum. industry. Artificial assisted pollination can increase the fruit setting rate of A. villosum to 30%-50%, but this method is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and costly, making it difficult to popularize on a large scale. This paper systematically analyzes and explores approaches to address the fruiting barrier of A. villosum, and systematically reviews the current status and research progress of studies on the fruiting barrier of A. villosum from three aspects based on relevant research achievements at home and abroad. First, starting from botanical characteristics, this paper explains the physiological basis of its high dependence on obligate pollinating insects and low natural pollination efficiency from the perspective of internal factors including the special floral structure, flowering habits and self-incompatibility of A. villosum. Second, the internal constraints of genetic regulation mechanisms: the genetic basis of A. villosum germplasm resources are diverse, and genetic differentiation has occurred among different geographical populations; the pseudo-gynostemium and self-incompatibility formed by the genetic basis, as well as poor pollination and fertilization, lead to a sharp increase in endogenous abscisic acid and relatively insufficient auxin and gibberellin. The abscission layer formation signal controlled by the genetic basis initiates ovary abscission, which becomes a key factor restricting fruit setting. Third, the superposition of environmental stress factors: for example, a shading degree outside the range of 0.5-0.6 will affect the growth of A. villosum plants; low temperature during the flowering period inhibits pollen germination and pollen tube elongation, while high temperature accelerates pollen inactivation and stigma wilting; continuous rainy weather with insufficient light weakens the accumulation of photosynthetic products, impairs the development of floral organs, and hinders pollination by pollinating insects; insufficient nutrient elements intensifies the carbon and nitrogen nutrient competition between vegetative growth and reproductive growth, reducing the number of flowers; diseases and pests can directly damage the growth of floral organs. The cumulative effect of these environmental factors easily causes a large number of flower and fruit abscission, reducing the fruit setting rate. In conclusion, the fruiting barrier of A. villosum results from the combined interaction of pollination restriction by floral organ morphology, multi-level genetic basis regulation, and compound environmental stress, and these three factors interact with each other. The genetic basis determines the reproductive tolerance threshold of the plant, the special floral organs amplify the negative impact of environmental stress, and environmental adversity further disrupts endogenous hormone regulation and the expression of flower development genes. The interactive coupling of these three types of factors forms a positive feedback cascade, which constitutes the systematic root cause of the fruiting barrier of A. villosum. Aiming at the prominent problem of the fruiting barrier of A. villosum, this paper reviews technical strategies for flowering period regulation and fruit retention: first, improve the effective pollination efficiency in the field through artificial assisted pollination, and the protection and domestication of obligate pollinating insects; second, rely on traditional breeding and molecular breeding technologies to screen excellent germplasms adapted to different production regions, and improve floral organ traits and fruiting ability from the genetic level; third, optimize cultivation modes and implement environmental regulation to ensure effective pollination, fruit setting and normal fruit development of A. villosum. This study is expected to provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the revitalization and sustainable development of A. villosum industry.