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    3类土壤改良剂对南繁育种区新垦耕地土壤质量与大豆生产力的影响

    Effects of Three Types Soil Amendments on Soil Quality and Soybean Productivity in Newly Reclaimed Farmland of Nanfan China Breeding Base

      摘要
    • 摘要:
      目的 为改良南繁育种区新垦耕地质量，明确土壤调理剂、生物肥、微生物菌剂3类土壤改良剂的土壤培肥机理。
      方法 以南繁育种区新垦耕地砖红壤为试验对象，采用单因素随机区组试验，设置CK、2种土壤调理剂750 kg/hm2（T1、T2）、2种生物肥1 200 kg/hm2（T3、T4）与2种微生物菌剂75 kg/hm2（T5、T6）共7组处理，评价3类土壤改良剂对土壤理化性质、土壤微生物总量及大豆生产力的影响。
      结果 与CK相比，T1、T2处理播种期土壤有效磷含量分别显著提高114.65%、187.50%，收获期土壤有效磷含量分别显著提高68.32%、102.66%，收获期土壤pH分别显著提高8.56%、9.48%；T3、T4处理播种期土壤有机质含量分别显著提高8.75%、8.32%，收获期土壤有机质含量分别显著提高7.89%、9.87%，收获期土壤无机氮含量分别显著提高154.28%、172.35%；T5、T6处理收获期土壤速效钾含量分别显著提高42.63%、46.15%，土壤有效磷含量分别显著提高52.70%、79.45%，土壤硝态氮含量分别显著提高106.35%、85.27%。与播种期相比，T1、T2处理收获期土壤微生物总量分别显著提高158.50%、237.20%，T3、T4处理收获期土壤微生物总量分别显著降低32.10%、31.83%，T5、T6处理收获期土壤微生物总量分别显著降低72.01%、71.69%。与CK相比，T3、T4处理大豆经济产量分别显著提高33.64%、41.23%，T5、T6处理大豆经济产量分别显著提高34.59%、31.28%。T6处理氮素、磷素利用效率最高，较CK分别显著提高19.76%、24.07%。相关性分析表明，大豆经济产量与氮素、磷素利用效率分别呈高度极显著的极强正相关，土壤微生物总量与无机氮含量呈显著相关，但与大豆总生物量、地上部生物量均无直接关联，表明土壤微生物主要通过调节土壤养分转化间接影响大豆经济产量。
      结论 生物肥在提高土壤有机质含量与维持土壤持续供氮能力方面优势突出，土壤调理剂调节土壤pH与快速活化土壤磷素的效果显著，微生物菌剂能够在收获期促进土壤钾素释放并增强硝化作用。

       

      Abstract:
      Objective To improve soil quality of newly reclaimed farmland in Nanfan China breeding base and clarify the soil fertility improvement mechanisms of three amendments, including soil conditioners, biofertilizers and microbial inoculants.
      Method A field plot experiment was conducted on newly reclaimed ferric lateritic soil, and using a single-factor randomized block design with seven treatments: CK, two soil conditioners at 750 kg/hm2 (T1, T2), two biofertilizers at 1 200 kg/hm2(T3, T4), and two microbial inoculants at 75 kg/hm2 (T5, T6). The effects of three types of soil amendments on soil physicochemical properties, total soil microbial biomass, and soybean productivity were systematically evaluated.
      Result Compared with CK, T1 and T2 significantly increased soil available phosphorus content by 114.65% and 187.50% at sowing and by 68.32% and 102.66% at harvesting, and significantly increased soil pH by 8.56% and 9.48% at harvesting. T3 and T4 significantly increased soil organic matter content by 8.75% and 8.32% at sowing and 7.89% and 9.87% at harvesting, and significantly increased soil inorganic nitrogen content by 154.28% and 172.35% at harvesting. T5 and T6 significantly increased soil available potassium content by 42.63% and 46.15%, available phosphorus content by 52.70% and 79.45%, and soil nitrate nitrogen content by 106.35% and 86.27% at harvesting. Compared with CK, T1 and T2 significantly increased total soil microbial biomass at harvest by 158.50% and 237.20% relative to the sowing stage, while T3 and T4 significantly decreased it by about 31.83% and 32.10%, and T5 and T6 significantly decreased it by over 72.01% and 71.69%. Compared with CK, T3 and T4 significantly increased soybean economic yield by 33.64% and 41.23%, and T5 and T6 significantly increased it by 34.59% and 31.28%. Among all treatments, T6 exhibited the most significant increase in nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency compared with CK, reaching 19.76% and 24.07% respectively. Correlation analysis showed that soybean economic yield exhibited an extremely strong and highly extremely significant positive correlation with nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency. Total microbial biomass was significantly correlated with inorganic nitrogen content, but showed no direct relationship with total or aboveground soybean biomass, confirming that soil microorganisms primarily influenced economic yield indirectly by regulating nutrient transformation.
      Conclusion Biofertilizers demonstrate outstanding advantages in enhancing organic matter and sustaining nitrogen supply, soil conditioners are highly effective in adjusting pH and rapidly activating soil phosphorus, while microbial inoculants excel in promoting late-stage potassium release and nitrification at harvesting.

       

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