Objective To accelerate the development of high-quality tomato varieties with broad-spectrum disease resistance by detecting disease resistance genes in tomato germplasm using molecular markers.

Method The penta-primer amplification refractory mutation system (PARMS) technique was employed to detect 16 resistance genes in 145 tomato materials, including tomato yellow leaf curl virus resistant genes Ty-1, Ty-2, and Ty-3, tobacco mosaic virus resistance gene Tm-2, tomato spotted wilt virus resistance gene Sw-5, root-knot nematode resistance genes Mi-1.2 and Mi-2.3, leaf mold resistance genes Cf-5 and Cf-9, Fusarium wilt resistance genes I, I-2, and I-3, late blight resistance gene Ph-3, gray leaf spot resistance gene Sm, and Verticillium wilt resistance genes Ve-1 and Ve-2.

Result Significant variations were observed in the distribution of multiple resistance genes among the 145 tomato materials. Specifically, the resistance gene Ve-1 was the most prevalent, present in 105 materials (accounting for 72.41%). Cf-5 (99 materials, 68.3%) and Tm-2 (69 materials, 47.6%) were also widely distributed. In contrast, Ty-2, Sw-5, and I-3 were rare, detected in only 2, 2, and 3 materials, respectively. Notably, Ty-3 was not detected in any of the materials. Furthermore, a set of elite tomato materials with pyramided multiple resistances was identified: 86 materials (59.31%) carried more than 5 resistance genes, among which the pink-fruited tomatoes '287-3' and 'H7' harbored 10 and 9 resistance genes, respectively.

Conclusion Among the 145 tomato materials, the resistance genes Ve-1, Cf-5, and Tm-2 were widely distributed, while Ty-2, Sw-5, and I-3 were scarce, and Ty-3 was not detected. Moreover, 86 materials containing five or more resistance genes were screened out.