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    广东连南山苍子炭疽病为害调查及其病原菌的分离鉴定

    Investigation of Anthracnose Damage and Identification of the Pathogen on Litsea cubeba in Liannan, Guangdong

      摘要
    • 摘要:
      目的 山苍子（又名山鸡椒）作为重要经济树种，近年来在广东省连南瑶族自治县大面积示范推广。炭疽病的发生严重影响山苍子长势及成活率，明确该病的为害程度及其病原种类，可为其科学防治提供有效依据。
      方法 于2024—2025年对广东省连南瑶族自治县山苍子种植示范区进行随机踏查和固定监测，记录山苍子炭疽病病情指数变化情况；采集山苍子发病部位，利用组织分离法分离病原菌，并基于病原菌形态和分子生物学特征确定其分类地位。
      结果 广东省连南瑶族自治县推广种植的山苍子主要为山苍子（Litsea cubeba var. cubeba）和毛叶山苍子（L. cubeba var. formosana），2个变种均可感染炭疽病，主要发病部位为叶部和枝条分叉处，6—8月降雨频繁时，病害易暴发。从感病山苍子茎部分离获得4个菌株（LZSCZ01、LZSCZ10、LZSCZ04、LZSCZ14），从叶部获得6个菌株（SCZJS03、SCZJS05、SCZJS06、SCZQS03、SCZQS04、SCZQS07）且形态特征基本一致。对10株分离菌株的测序结果进行Blast比对，初步确认LZSCZ01为附球菌属（Epicoccum），而其他9株均为刺盘孢属（Colletotrichum sp.）；进一步对9株刺盘孢属进行多基因联合的系统发育树分析，结果表明其均为果生刺盘孢菌（Colletotrichum fructicola）。选取菌株LZSCZ01、LZSCZ04、LZSCZ10、LZSCZ14进行回接试验，结果表明LZSCZ01无致病性，而果生刺盘孢菌LZSCZ04、LZSCZ10和LZSCZ14有致病性、且符合柯赫氏法则。
      结论 广东省连南瑶族自治县的山苍子炭疽病主要由果生刺盘孢菌侵染造成，感染该病菌后山苍子叶片和茎部枯萎，病害的发生与降雨关系密切。果生刺盘孢菌引起山苍子炭疽病为首次报道。

       

      Abstract:
      Objective As an important economic tree species, Litsea cubeba has been widely demonstrated and promoted in Liannan Yao Autonomous County, Guangdong Province. The occurrence of anthracnose has seriously affected the growth and survival of L. cubeba. Therefore, clarifying the occurrence degree of the disease and accurately identifying the type of pathogen can provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of this disease.
      Method Random field surveys and fixed monitoring were conducted in the demonstration planting area of the L. cubeba in Liannan Yao Autonomous County to records the changes in disease index from 2024 to 2025. Diseased parts of L. cubeba were collected, and pathogens were isolated by the tissue isolation method. The taxonomic status was determined based on the morphological and molecular biological characteristics of pathogens.
      Result At present, the promoted L. cubeba varieties in Liannan Yao Autonomous County are L. cubeba var. cubeba and L. cubeba var. Formosana. Both varieties are susceptible to anthracnose, with the main affected parts being the leaves and branch forks. The disease trends to outbreak frequent during June to August, when rainfall is high. Four strains (LZSCZ01, LZSCZ10, LZSCZ04, LZSCZ14) were isolated from the stem of the diseased Litsea cubeba, six strains (SCZJS03, SCZJS05, SCZJS06, SCZQS03, SCZQS04, SCZQS07) were isolated from the leaves with the similar morphological characteristics.The sequencing results of 10 isolated strains were subjected to Blast comparison, which initially confirmed that LZSCZ01 belongs to Epicoccum, while the other 9 strains are all Colletotrichum sp. Further phylogenetic tree analysis based on multiple genes of the 9 Colletotrichum indicated that they are all C. fructicola. Four strains (LZSCZ01, LZSCZ04, LZSCZ10, LZSCZ14) were selected for re-inoculation experiments. The results showed that LZSCZ01 was non-pathogenic, while the Colletotrichum fructicola strains LZSCZ04, LZSCZ10 and LZSCZ14 were pathogenic and conformed to Koch's postulates.
      Conclusion The anthracnose in L. cubeba in Liannan Yao Autonomous County is mainly caused byC. fructicola. Infection leaves and stems leads to leaves and stems wilting, and the occurrence of the disease is closely related to rainfall. This is the first report of this pathogen causing anthracnose in L. cubeba.

       

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