Abstract: Postharvest change in fruits and vegetables is a complex biological process that involves multiple stages such as maturity, senescense and death, leading to a series of physiological, biochemical and microbial changes in the internal substances of fruits and vegetables, thereby affecting their quality and flavor. Scent is one of the important indicators of fruit and vegetable quality and flavor, which is closely related to factors such as variety, maturity, freshness and postharvest diseases. Traditional flavor analysis methods mainly include instrumental analysis (such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS) and sensory analysis, however, these methods have some limitations. For example, GC-MS cannot fully reflect the overall flavor of the sample, and sample pre-treatment is complex, with long detection time and high technical costs. Sensory analysis is greatly influenced by subjective factors. As an instrument that simulates biological olfactory systems, electronic nose can quickly, objectively and accurately detect and recognize odor signals, gradually becoming a research hotspot in the field of storage and preservation of fruits and vegetables. This article reviews the application progress of electronic nose in fruit and vegetable variety and origin identification, maturity judgment, freshness detection, post harvest disease monitoring, pesticide residue and quality evaluation, and analyzes the challenges and problems faced by electronic nose in practical application. It also offers a prosect for the future development trend of precise postharvest detection of fruits and vegetables, and possible ways to improve electronic nose towards specialization, intelligence and practicality, which provides theoretical references and technical support for achieving precise detection of fruit and vegetable quality.