Abstract: Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus disease (SRBSDVD), which is transmitted by the Sogatella furcifera and caused by the infection of southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV). The disease was first discovered in southern China in 2001 and has since spread, causing increasing damage to rice production in southern China. And it has been one of the main diseases damaging rice production in southern China. Due to the strong migratory ability, large population and persistent transmission of the white-backed planthopper, chemical pesticides have proven to be ineffective in pest and disease control. So far, there is no sustainable and environmentally friendly means to control this disease. Based on the outbreak of the pathogenic virus and the biological characteristics of its vector, the white-backed planthopper, it is expected that the disease will be one of the most serious rice diseases in China for a long period of time in the future, and there is a high likelihood of outbreak of epidemics. Therefore, there is an urgent need to breed resistant rice varieties that can withstand SRBSDVD. In this review, we summarize the pathogenicity of SRBSDVD, collection and evaluation of resistant germplasm resources, the precise positioning of resistance genes/QTLs, and the molecular mechanisms of resistance genes. In addition, the study further explores the use of modern molecular biological techniques, including molecular marker-assisted selection, gene silencing (RNAi) and gene editing, to accelerate the selection and breeding of disease-resistant varieties of SRBSDVD, which will provide a basis for effective control of SRBSDVD in the future.