基于线粒体D-loop区序列的4个黄尾鲴养殖群体遗传多样性分析

刘士力; 陈大伟; 郑建波; 程顺; 蒋文枰; 迟美丽; 夏冯博; 李飞

doi:10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2023.11.014

基于线粒体D-loop区序列的4个黄尾鲴养殖群体遗传多样性分析

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Four Cultured Xenocypris davidi Populations Based on Mitochondrial D-loop Sequences

摘要

摘要:
目的黄尾鲴（Xenocypris davidi）是以腐殖质、有机碎屑为饵料，兼食浮游生物和底栖动物的的淡水经济鱼类，是浙江省自然水域鱼类增殖放流的主要品种之一。了解人工繁育对黄尾鲴遗传多样性的影响，可为自然水域黄尾鲴的增殖放流策略设计和实施提供参考。
方法对浙江长兴、八里店、双浦和湖南醴陵4个黄尾鲴养殖群体的线粒体DNA（mtDNA）D-loop序列进行PCR扩增和测序，通过序列分析研究4个群体的遗传多样性。
结果黄尾鲴线粒体D-loop序列长度为1 038~1 093 bp，碱基A+T含量（65.3%）显著高于C+G含量（34.7%），平均转换/颠换比值（TS/TV）为4.6。在128条黄尾鲴的D-loop序列中共检测到101个变异位点，包括97个简约信息位点；界定了19种单倍型，其中长兴、双浦、八里店和醴陵群体的单倍型数目分别为5、12、4和2；单倍型多样性（h）介于0.226~0.915之间，核苷酸多样性（π）介于0.00640~0.01433之间。4个黄尾鲴养殖群体的遗传多样性具有一定差异，不同养殖群体间遗传距离为0.03782~0.88756，遗传分化系数为0.78903（P < 0.01），群体内变异占整个遗传变异的21.10%，其中长兴群体和八里店群体的遗传分化系数最低，双浦和醴陵群体的遗传分化系数最高，遗传变异主要发生在群体间。
结论 4个黄尾鲴养殖群体的遗传多样性具有一定差异。黄尾鲴遗传变异和种群结构的信息可为其遗传多样性变化的研究提供参考，有助于黄尾鲴的资源保护。

Abstract:
Objective Xenocypris davidi is a freshwater economic fish, which feeds on humus, organic debris, plankton, and benthic animals, is one of the main fish for stock enhancement in Zhejiang Province. The research is aims to understand the impact of artificial breeding on the genetic diversity of X. davidi, and to provide basic data for the design and implementation of stock enhancement strategies for X. davidi in natural waters.
Method D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of four cultured X. davidi populations from Changxing, Balidian, Shuangpu in Zhejiang Provice and Liling in Hunan Province were amplified and sequenced. The genetic diversity of the four populations was studied by sequence analysis.
Result The mitochondrial D-loop sequence length of the X. davidi was 1 038-1 093 bp, and the base A+T content (65.3%) was significantly higher than the C+G content (34.7%), the average transitions and transversions ratio (TS/TV) was 4.6. A total of 101 mutation sites including 97 reduced information sites were detected in 128 D-loop sequences of X. davidi, and defining 19 haplotypes. Among them, the haplotype numbers of Changxing, Shuangpu, Balidian, and Liling populations were 5, 12, 4, and 2, respectively. The haplotype diversity (h) ranged from 0.226 to 0.915, and the nucleotide diversity (π) ranged from 0.00640 to 0.01433. The genetic distance between different breeding populations was 0.03782-0.88756, the genetic differentiation coefficient among populations was 0.78903 (P < 0.01), among which the degree of genetic difference between Changxing and Balidian populations was the lowest, and that of Shuangpu and Liling populations was the highest, and the genetic variation mainly occurred among populations.
Conclusion There are certain differences in genetic diversity among the four cultured X. davidi populations. The results of the genetic variation and population structure of X. davidi will provide reference data for the comparative study on the genetic diversity of the X. davidi, and contribute to the resource protection.

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