Objective A sound agricultural insurance system plays an important role in avoiding or dispersing the risks of agricultural operation and promoting the development of agricultural modernization. It is crucial to explore the coupling coordination and gray correlation between agricultural insurance and agricultural modernization to accelerate the realization of high-quality development of agriculture.

Method Based on the relevant data of agricultural insurance and agricultural modernization in Shandong Province from 2010 to 2019, the research used the coupling coordination model to reveal the coupling interaction and influencing factors between the two systems, and used the gray association method to analyze the influence of agricultural insurance on the development of agricultural modernization.

Result The comprehensive development score of agricultural insurance and agricultural modernization in Shandong Province showed an increasing trend, and the coupling corordination degree of agricultural insurance and agricultural modernization gradually improved from serious imbalance to high-quality coordination, with the coupling degree increasing noticeably from 0.329 in 2010 to 0.875 in 2019. The gray correlation coordination degree of each agricultural insurance system index and agricultural modernization index was relatively high, all above 0.7. Among them, the proportion of agricultural insurance premium income in property insurance, the depth of agricultural insurance premium income and agricultural insurance premium income and agricultural modernization had relatively high correlation, which has become the main influencing factors.

Conclusion Based on the above results, it is proposed to improve the market-oriented agricultural insurance mechanism, improve the service management level, increase the publicity of agricultural insurance and expand the coverage of agricultural insurance, promote the integration and coordinated development of agricultural insurance and agricultural modernization and other countermeasures and suggestions.