Abstract: Cell culture refers to the method that tissues are separated into single cells by enzyme, mechanical or chemical methods, and the growth and development of cells are simulated by the animal's internal environment. Based on the potential applications of the fish model, various tools and techniques, including in vitro cell culture, have been developed. With the rise of biotechnology in the 20th century, in vitro cell culture has gradually been penetrated into various disciplines, such as immunology, pharmacology, toxicology, genetics and tissue regeneration and transplantation. In vitro cultured cells have the advantage of imitating the genetic homogeneity of host cells, and the reaction variability in vivo can be reduced to a certain extent in the experimental process, with low cost, good repeatability, and less moral constraints. Fish cell culture technology was developed in the 1960s and was first applied to virus isolation. Cells can be obtained from different organs and tissues. Although the research of fish cell culture technology is later than that of mammals, in the long run, the indepth study of fish cells has far-reaching significance and broad development prospects for both theoretical research and practical application. This review briefly discusses the history, application and technology of fish cell culture, which provides reference for future research on fish cell culture technology.