两种玉米秸秆还田方式对甜玉米生长、品质及土壤性状的影响

黄连喜; 王钰静; 黄庆; 魏岚; 李翔; 陈伟盛; 黄玉芬; 刘忠珍

doi:10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2021.11.009

两种玉米秸秆还田方式对甜玉米生长、品质及土壤性状的影响

Effects of Two Ways of Cornstalk Returning on Soil Properties, Growth and Quality of Sweet Corn

摘要

摘要:
目的探明玉米秸秆直接还田及炭化处理后还田两种农艺措施对土壤理化性状、玉米生长及品质提升的效果。
方法设置对照（CK）、玉米秸秆还田（T1）、玉米秸秆炭化还田（T2）3个处理，在广州市南沙区横沥镇连续进行两茬甜玉米田间小区试验。
结果 T1、T2处理可提高玉米土壤pH值、土壤有效态氮磷钾及有机碳含量，显著提升玉米粒维生素C和可溶糖含量，但对玉米的产量无显著影响。第1茬玉米试验中，T1、T2处理对玉米粒维生素C含量的提升效果分别为16.5% 及25.9%，对可溶糖含量的提升效果分别为20.7% 及22.3%，对土壤有机碳含量分别提升10.3% 及10.0%，对土壤有效态氮磷钾含量、土壤pH值及玉米株高均没有显著影响。第2茬玉米试验中，T1、T2处理分别显著提升玉米粒维生素C含量10.3% 及1.7%，可溶糖含量24.7% 及10.6%，显著提升土壤pH值0.33、0.23个单位，显著提升土壤速效钾含量16.8% 及36.0%，降低土壤有机碳含量1.7% 及显著提升有机碳含量3.6%，分别提升玉米株高0.3% 及4.59%。
结论秸秆炭化后还田处理对土壤理化性状及玉米生长的提升效果强于秸秆直接还田处理。玉米秸秆炭化还田对玉米品质的提升速度快于玉米秸秆直接还田，但效果的持续性则为玉米秸秆直接还田优于炭化还田处理，两种玉米秸秆还田措施对玉米产量的影响均在短时间内难以得到体现。

Abstract:
Objective The study was carried out to investigate the effects of two agronomic measures of cornstalk returning directly and after carbonization on soil physical and chemical properties, corn growth and quality improvement.
Method Plot experiments of two crops of sweet corn including three treatments, the control(CK), cornstalk returning directly(T1)and cornstalk returning after carbonization(T2)were carried out in Hengli Town, Nansha District, Guangzhou City.
Results As compared with CK treatment, T1 and T2 treatments could increase soil pH value, soil available N, P, K and organic carbon content, significantly increase the contents of vitamin C and soluble sugar in corn kernels, but had no significant effect on corn yield. In the first-crop corn experiment, the effect of T1 and T2 treatments on the content of vitamin C in corn kernels was increased by 16.5% and 25.9%, the content of soluble sugar was increased by 20.7% and 22.3%, and the content of soil organic carbon was increased by 10.3% and 10.0%, respectively. There were no significant effects on soil available N, P and K contents, soil pH value and corn plant height between T1(T2)and CK treatment. In the second-crop corn experiment, T1 and T2 treatments significantly increased the content of vitamin C in corn kernels by 10.3% and 1.7%, soluble sugar content by 24.7% and 10.6%, soil pH value by 0.33 and 0.23 units, and soil available potassium content by 16.8% and 36.0%, respectively. The soil organic carbon content was decreased by 1.7% under T1 and significantly increased by 3.6% under T2. The plant heights of corn were increased by 0.3% and 4.59% under T1 and T2, respectively.
Conclusion The improved effect of cornstalk returning after carbonization on soil physical and chemical properties and corn growth was stronger than that of cornstalk returning directly. The speed of improvement of corn quality by cornstalk returning after carbonization was faster than that of cornstalk returning directly, but the continuity of the improved effect of cornstalk returning directly was better than that of cornstalk returning after carbonization. The effects of the two kinds of cornstalk returning measures on the corn yield are difficult to be reflected in a short time.

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